# CBW Writings ### Published Articles expand\_more [Review of "Tomorrow's Weapons, Chemical and Biological" by Jacquard Hirshon Rothschild, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1964, pp 35-36.](/file_url/172) [Letter and Petition to President Lyndon B. Johnson, with ca 5000 co-signers, regarding the need to safeguard and strengthen the world-wide restraints and prohibitions against the use of chemical and biological weapons. Presented to Presidential Science Advisor Donald Hornig by P. Doty, J.T. Edsall, I.C. Gunsalus and M. Meselson, 14 February 1967. See Harold M. Schmeck, NY Times, page 1, 15 February, 1967.](/file_url/173) ["Proliferation of CB Warfare", with John T. Edsall, Science, 26 May 1967, Vol. 156 p 1029.](/file_url/174) ["The Yemen", in CBW: Chemical and Biological Warfare, ed. Steven Rose, Beacon Press, Boston, 1969, pp 99-101.](/file_url/175) ["Preventing CBW", in CBW: Chemical and Biological Warfare, ed. Steven Rose, Beacon Press, Boston, 1969, pp 163-171.](/file_url/176) ["Why Not Poison?", a review of Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints, by Frederic J. Brown, Science, 25 April 1969, Vol. 164, pp 413-414.](/file_url/177) ["Escalation of Chemical Warfare", with Julian Perry Robinson, New Scientist, August 1969, pp 339-341.](/file_url/178) ["Chemical and Biological Weapons - The Facts", in The Supreme Folly: Chemical and Biological Weapons, NCLC Publishing Society, London, November 1969, pp 3-6.](/file_url/179) ["Behind the Nixon Policy for Chemical and Biological Warfare", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 1970, pp 23-33.](/file_url/180) [Review of "The Ultimate Folly" by Richard D. McCarthy, Book Week/ Chicago Sun-Times, January 1970, p 6.](/file_url/181) [Review of "The Ultimate Folly" by Richard D. McCarthy,The Quarterly review of biology, 1970, Vol.45 (4), p.431-432](https://meselsonarchive.hsites.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum7261/files/2025-08/1970%20Quarterly%20Review%20Bio%20Ultimate%20Folly.pdf) ["Symposium on Chemical and Biological Warfare", forward, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, January 1970, Vol. 65, pp 250-252.](/file_url/182) ["Use of Tear Gases in War: An American View", with R.R. Baxter, letter to The Times (London), February 1970.](/file_url/183) ["Controlling Biological and Chemical Weapons" in March 4 - Scientists, Students and Society, ed. Jonathan Allen, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., June 1970.](/file_url/184) ["Chemical and Biological Weapons", Scientific American, May 1970, Vol. 222, pp 3-13.](/file_url/185) ["Chemical and Biological Weapons: The Hazard for Mankind", World Health, October 1970, pp 18-29.](/file_url/186) [Health Aspects of Chemical and Biological Weapons Report](https://meselsonarchive.hsites.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum7261/files/2025-05/1970%20WHO%20Health%20Aspects%20of%20CBW.pdf) of a WHO Group of Consultants World Health Organization, Geneva, 1970 ["The Military Value and Political Implications of the Use of Riot Control Agents in Warfare", with Stuart Blumenfeld, in The Control of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1971, pp 64-93.](/file_url/189) ["Tear Gas in Vietnam and the Return of Poison Gas", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1971, pp 17-19.](/file_url/190) ["The Ecological Impact of Large Scale Defoliation in Vietnam", with John Constable, Sierra Club Bulletin, April 1971, Vol. 56, pp 4-9.](/file_url/191) ["Turning Off the Gas", Christian Science Monitor, 15 May 1971, p 17. Reprinted in the Congressional Record, U.S. House of Representatives, 8 June 1971, pp 18804-18805.](/file_url/192) ["Defoliants in Vietnam", with John Constable, letter to The Times (London), 16 June 1971.](/file_url/193) ["Herbicides, Irritant Gas and the Geneva Protocol", The University of Chicago Magazine, July 1971, Vol. 64, pp 30-31.](/file_url/194) ["Crop Destruction in Vietnam and Elsewhere", with John Constable, letter to The New York Times, 4 August 1971, p 30.](/file_url/195) ["Gas Warfare and the Geneva Protocol of 1925", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, February 1972, pp 35-37.](/file_url/196) ["An Improved Analysis for Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins", with Robert Baughman, Advances in Chemistry Series, 1973, Number 120, pp 92- 104.](/file_url/197) ["An Analytical Method for Detecting TCDD (Dioxin): Levels of TCDD in Samples from Vietnam", with Robert Baughman, Environmental Health Perspectives, September 1973, Vol. 5, pp 27-35. \[DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 74-218\]](/file_url/198) ["What Policy for Nerve Gas?", Arms Control Today, April 1975, pp 1-2.](/file_url/199) ["Health Hazards of Chemical Pesticides." Report of the Consultative Panel on Health Hazards of Chemical Pesticides, M. Meselson, Chairman. In Contemporary Pest Control Practices and Prospects, Vol. 1 p. 54, NAS, Washington D.C.](/file_url/3842) [Introduction and participation in Chemical Weapons and Chemical Arms Control, ed. Matthew Meselson, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1978. (ISBN 0-87003-010-8).](/file_url/200) [Report of the Conference on Policies for Chemical Weapons and Chemical Arms Control Records of the Academy (American Academy of Arts and Sciences) , 1977 - 1978, No. 1977/1978 , pp. 23-27](/file_url/3846) ["The Evaluation of Possible Health Hazards from TCDD in the Environment", with Patrick O'Keefe and Robert Baughman, Symposium on the Use of Herbicides in Forestry, Arlington, Virginia, 21-22 February 1978, pp 91-94.](/file_url/201) ["Neutral Cleanup Procedure for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Residues in Bovine Fat and Milk", with Patrick O'Keefe and Robert Baughman, J. Assoc. Official Analytical Chemists, May 1978, Vol. 61, pp 621-626.](/file_url/202) ["What Policy for Nerve Gas?", in Negotiating Security -- an Arms Control Reader, eds. W.H. Kincade and J.D. Porro, Carnegie Endowment, New York, 1979.](/file_url/203) ["Chemical Warfare and Chemical Disarmament", with Julian Perry Robinson, Scientific American, April 1980, Vol. 242, pp 38-47.](/file_url/3241) ["Chemical Weapons Threaten Civilians More Than Soldiers",](/file_url/3457) Interview, U.S. News & World Report, 3 November 1980, pp 45-46. ["Before We Spend Billions on Chemical Weapons"](/file_url/3458), with Steven M. Meyer, letter to The New York Times, 12 November 1980, p A30. ["A Roundtable: Binary Chemical Weapons",](/file_url/3477) The New York Times, Sunday, 2 May 1982. ["Origin of Yellow Rain"](/file_url/3459), with Peter S. Ashton, J.P. Robinson and Thomas D. Seeley, Science, 28 October 1983, Vol. 222, pp 366 and 368. ["Yellow Rain: A Palynological Analysis", with Joan Nowicke, Nature, 17 May 1984, Vol. 309, pp 205-206.](/file_url/3751) ["Chemical Warfare Evidence Unconvincing"](/file_url/3460), with Peter S. Ashton, Joan W. Nowicke, J.P. Perry Robinson and Thomas D. Seeley, Nature, Vol. 315, 23 May 1985, p 284. ["Yellow Rain", with T.D. Seeley, J.W. Nowicke, J. Guillemin and P. Akratanakul, Scientific American, September 1985, Vol. 253, pp 128‑137.](/file_url/949) [Letter to the Editors](/file_url/3461), with T.D. Seeley, J.W. Nowicke, and J. Guillemin, Scientific American, January 1986, Vol. 254, p 10. ["The Search for Yellow Rain"](/file_url/3462), Interview, Arms Control Today, September 1986, Vol. 16, pp 31-36. ["Mustard Gas, Bees and DNA"](/file_url/3463), Interview, Yale Scientific, Spring 1987, Vol. 61, pp 13-16. ["Yellow Rain: The Story Collapses",](/file_url/3464) with Julian Robinson and Jeanne Guillemin, Foreign Policy, Fall 1987, Number 68, pp 100-117. ["The Biological Weapons Convention and the Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979"](/file_url/3465), F.A.S. Public Interest Report, No. 7, September 1988, pp 1-6. ["Stopping the Proliferation of Chemical Weapons"](/file_url/3466), The Boston Sunday Globe, 8 January 1989, p 68. [Introduction](/file_url/3481) to Implementing a Global Chemical Weapons Convention, ed. Eric H. Arnett, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 16 January 1989, pp 1-2. ["We Can End the Threat of Poison Gas Now"](/file_url/3467), Newsday, 15 December 1989, p 85. ["Prospects for a Chemical Weapons Disarmament Treaty", in Challenges for the 1990s for Arms Control and International Security, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1989, pp 57-63. ISBN 0-309-04084-1](/file_url/630) ["Prevention of Biological and Chemical Warfare", in The Challenge of an Open World: Essays Dedicated to Niels Bohr, eds. Niels Barfoed, Thomas Bredsdorff, Leif Christensen and Ove Nathan, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1989, pp 57-63. ISBN 87-16-10382-3](/file_url/631) ["Chemical and Biological Weapons", with Julian Perry Robinson, Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1990, Vol. 29, pp 80-581](/file_url/632). ["Yellow Rain in Southeast Asia: The Story Collapses", with Julian Robinson and Jeanne Guillemin, in Preventing a Biological Arms Race, ed. Susan Wright, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990, pp 220-238. ISBN 0-262-23148-4](/file_url/633) ["Verification of Biological and Toxin Weapons Disarmament", with Martin Kaplan and Mark A. Mokulsky, in Verification - Monitoring Disarmament, Pugwash Study on Verification Issues, eds. F. Calogero, M. Goldberger and S. Kapitza, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1990, pp 149-164](/file_url/634). ["Implications of the Kuwaiti Crisis for Chemical Weapons Proliferation and Arms Control", Chemical Weapons and Security in the Middle East: Proceedings from a Congressional Briefing, ed. Eric H. Arnett, American Association for the Advancement of Science Program on Science and International Security, Washington, DC, 1990, pp 15-19](/file_url/635). [Review of "The Challenge of Chemical Weapons: An American Perspective" by Victor A. Utgoff, Nature, Vol. 348, 13 December 1990](/file_url/636). ["Armi Chimiche e Misure di Protezione", Giano, Richerche Per La Pace, 1990, No. 6, pp 110-122](/file_url/637). (in Italian) ["The Science and Politics of Chemical Warfare", Interview, Harvard/Radcliffe Science Review, Winter 1991, pp 8-14](/file_url/638). ["War with Iraq Could Unleash Chemical and Biological Weapons, But One U.S. Expert Sees No Cause For Panic", Interview, People Magazine, 21 January 1991, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp 53-4](/file_url/639). ["Chemical, Biological Weapons are Quickly Becoming Anachronisms of War", Interview, Harvard University Gazette, 8 March 1991, Vol. LXXXVI, pp 5-6](/file_url/640). ["The Role of Chemical Defense in Chemical Warfare, Chemical Deterrence, and Chemical Disarmament" (Adapted from the Keynote Address to the Sixth Annual Scientific Conference on Chemical Defense Research, U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 13-16 November 1990), Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, No. 11, March 1991, pp 17-19.](/file_url/3333) ["The Myth of Chemical Superweapons",](/file_url/3468) The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1991, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp 12-15. ["Verification of Biological and Toxin Weapons Disarmament"](/file_url/3469), Science and Global Security, Boulder, Colorado, 1991, Vol. 2, pp 235-252. ["Implementing the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972"](/file_url/3470), UNIDIR Newsletter, June 1991, pp 10-13. ["Chemical and Biological Weapons: Developments in the Kuwait Crisis and in Arms Control"](/file_url/3471), with Elisa Harris and W. Seth Carus, Critical Choices, eds. Eric H. Arnett, Elizabeth J. Kirk and W. Thomas Wander, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, 1991, pp 129-149. ISBN 0-87168-395-4 ["Iraqi CBW armament and the UN Special Commission", with Julian Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin no 13, September 1991, pp 21-22](/file_url/3425). ["Editorial: No Gas", with Julian Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin no 14, December 1991, p. 1.](/file_url/3426) ["What policy for disabling chemicals?", with Julian Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no 15, March 1992, pp 4-5.](/file_url/3427) ["The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention: A Summary"](/file_url/3472), with Julian Robinson, 1993 Science and International Security Anthology, Trends and Implications for Arms Control, Proliferation and International Security in the Changing Global Environment, eds. Elizabeth J. Kirk, W. Thomas Wander and Brian D. Smith, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, 1993, pp 11-15. ["The Role of Chemical Defence in Chemical Warfare, Chemical Deterrence, and Chemical Disarmament"](/file_url/3473) in Antichemical Protection and the Chemical Weapons Convention, eds. P. Deshingkar, M. Meselson, and J.P. Robinson, Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation, Occassional Paper No. 2, Washington, DC. 1993, pp 11- 15. ["Introduction, Overview, and Conclusions"](/file_url/3474) with Julian Perry Robinson in Antichemical Protection and the Chemical Weapons Convention, eds. P. Deshingkar, M. Meselson, and J.P. Robinson, Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation, Occasional Paper No. 2, Washington, DC, 1993, pp 5-7. [“New Evidence on the 1979 Soviet Anthrax Epidemic”](/file_url/3475), The ASA Newsletter, 8 April 1993, pp 1, 5. ["Editorial: The Australia Group and the Chemical Weapons Convention", with Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin no 21, September 1993, p. 5.](/file_url/3428) ["New Technologies and the Loophole in the Convention", with Julian Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, March 1994, Issue No. 23, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3429) ["The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", with Jeanne Guillemin, Martin Hugh-Jones, Alexander Langmuir, Ilona Popova, Alexis Shelokov, and Olga Yampolskaya, Science, 18 November 1994, Vol. 266, pp 1202-1208.](/file_url/3240) [Editorial: “Defining Chemical Weapons the Way the Treaty Does", with Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no.29 September 1995, p 1.](http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/bulletin/cwcb29.pdf) ["The Chemical Weapons Convention and Its Relevance to Chemical Terrorism"](/file_url/3476), paper presented at the VIII Amaldi Conference, Overcoming Obstacles to Peace in the Post-Cold War Era, Piacenza, Italy, 5-7 October 1995, 5 pp. ["Editorial: Over the Impasse", with Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no.30, December 1995, p. 1.](/file_url/3430) ["Editorial: Criminalizing BW", with Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no.31, March 1996, p. 1.](http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/bulletin/cwcb31.pdf) ["Editorial: From Trigger Point to Entry into Force," with Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no. 33, September 1996, p. 1.](/file_url/3431) ["Ratify the Chemical Weapons Treaty as a Force Against Terrorism"](/file_url/3456), Los Angeles Times, 11 September 1996, p. B-9. ["Proposed Guidelines on the Status of Riot Control Agents and Other Toxic Chemicals Under the Chemical Weapons Convention," with Abram Chayes, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no. 35, March 1997, pp 13-18.](http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/bulletin/cwcb35.pdf) [“Criminalize the Traffic in Terror Weapons,”](/file_url/3455) with Philip Heymann and Richard Zeckhauser, The Washington Post, 15 April 1998, p. A-19. [“A Draft Convention to Prohibit Biological and Chemical Weapons Under International Criminal Law,” with James Crawford, John Dugard, Philip Heymann, and Julian Perry Robinson, Chemical Weapons Convention Bulletin, no. 42, December 1998, pp 2-5](/file_url/3432) [“The Problem of Biological Weapons”](/file_url/3454), Stated Meeting Report, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, Vol. LII, No. 5, May/June, 1999, pp 46-58. [“The Challenge of Biological and Chemical Weapons,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, no.77 (1999) pp 102-103.](/file_url/950) [“Anthrax,” ](/file_url/3453)with Terry Dixon, Jeanne Guillemin and Philip Hanna, The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 341 No. 11, September 9, 1999, pp 815-826. [“Prohibition of Chemical and Biological Weapons Under International Criminal Law,”](/file_url/3452) with Julian Perry Robinson, OPCW Synthesis, Issue 5/99, November-December 1999, pp 4-5. [“Averting the Hostile Exploitation of Biotechnology”, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, no.48, June 2000, pp 16-19.](http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/bulletin/cbwcb48.pdf) [“Editorial: The CWC and the BWC Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, no.50, December 2000, pp 1-2.](http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/bulletin/cbwcb50.pdf) [“Editorial: Washington and the BWC Protocol Negotiation”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, no.51, March 2001, p. 1.](/file_url/3433) [“Bioterrorism”](/file_url/3451), Interview, The Georgetown Public Policy Review, Spring 2001, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp 107-113. [“Editorial: Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 53, September 2001, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3352) [“The Problem of Biological Weapons”](/file_url/3450) (Misuse of Science), in Eliminating the Causes of War, ed. J. Boutwell, Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Occasional Paper, Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2001, pp 147-156. [Editorial: “International Criminal Law and Sanctions to reinforce the BWC”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 54, December 2001, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3434) [“Bioterror: What Can Be Done?,”](/file_url/3449) in Striking Terror, America’s New War, The New York Review of Books, eds. Robert B. Silvers and Barbara Epstein, December 20, 2001, pp 38-41. ["Note Regarding Source Strength", The ASA Newsletter, 21 December 2001, Issue No. 87, pp 1, 10, 11.](/file_url/1087) [“CBW Criminalisation and Universal Jurisdiction”](/file_url/3478), with Julian Perry Robinson, OPCW Synthesis,Winter/December 2001, pp 18-19. [“International Criminalization of Chemical and Biological Weapons”](/file_url/3479), American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, Vol. LIV. no. 2, Winter 2001, pp 38-42. [2001 Induction Ceremony: Remarks](/file_url/3447) by Academy Members, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, Vol. LV, No. 2, Winter, 2002 pp 27-30. [“Bioterror: What Can Be Done?”](/file_url/3446), in Striking Terror, eds. R. Silvers and B. Epstein, The New York Review of Books, 2002, pp 259-276. [“How to Fight Bioterrorism”](/file_url/3445), with Richard L. Garwin and Ralph E. Gomory, The Washington Post, 14 May 2002, p. A21 [“Editorial: Preventing the Hostile Use of Biotechnology: The Way Forward Now”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 57, September 2002, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3351) [“Anthrax Under the Microscope”,](/file_url/3444) with Ken Alibek, letter to The Washington Post, 5 November 2002, p. A24. [Editorial: “Law Enforcement and the CWC”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 58, December 2002, pp. 1-2.](/file_url/3349) [Editorial: “Where to from Here? The First CWC Review Conference and the Next Five Years”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 60, June 2003, pp. 1-5.](/file_url/3348) [Editorial:”Non-lethal Weapons, the CWC and the BWC”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 61, September 2003, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3347) [Interview, BioEssays, December 2003, Vol. 25, No. 12, pp1236-1246.](/file_url/951) [A Draft Convention to Prohibit Biological and Chemical Weapons under International Criminal Law, with Julian Robinson, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Winter 2004, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp 57-71.](/file_url/3424) [Annex 3: “Biological Agents”](https://meselsonarchive.hsites.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum7261/files/2025-05/2004_who_annex_3.pdf), in Public Health Response to Biological and Chemical Weapons, WHO Guidance, 2nd Edition, executive ed. Julian Robinson, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004, pp 229-276. [Editorial: “Expectation and Prevention”, with Julian Perry Robinson, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 64, June 2004, pp 1-2.](/file_url/3346) [Foreword, in Biological Weapons Defense: Infectious Diseases and Counterterrorism](/file_url/3442), eds. L.E. Lindler, F.J. Lebeda and G.W. Korch, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2005, pp vii-viii. [Interview, “Weapons Lab: An Interview with Matthew S. Meselson,](/file_url/3441)” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, January/February 2006, pp 49-53. [Interview, “The Living Weapon](/file_url/3440),” The American Experience, Public Broadcasting Service, February 5, 2007. [“The Yellow Rain Affair: Lessons from a Discredited Allegation”, with Julian Perry Robinson Terrorism, War, or Disease? eds. A.L. Clunan, P.R. Lavoy, and SB Martin, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 2008, pp 72-96.](/file_url/952) [“President’s Inbox: Vast Biosecurity Expenditures Require Better Oversight and Monitoring” Nature, Vol. 457 No. 15 January 2009, pp 259-260.](/file_url/953) [“The Academy and Chemical and Biological Weapons” Supplement to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences June 24, 2014 vol. 11 suppl. 2, pp 9334-9335. “Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences,” October 16-18, 2013.](/file_url/954) [“From Charles and Francis Darwin to Richard Nixon: The Origin and Termination of Anti-plant Chemical Warfare in Vietnam,” in One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences eds. B Friedrich, D Hoffmann, J Renn, F Schmaltz, M Wolf Springer: 2017.](/file_url/955) [“Human Heredity Now and in the Future” European Review Vol. 27, No. 1, 75–79 Academia Europæa. 2018.](/file_url/1089) ### CBW Bulletin expand\_more [CBW Conventions Bulletin](http://hsp.sussex.ac.uk/new/resources/cbw-conventions-bulletin), a publication of the [Harvard Sussex Program](http://hsp.sussex.ac.uk/new/) [Introductory Issue](/file_url/3334) (Summer 1988) Includes: Editorial Article by Charles Flowerree: The Chemical Weapons Convention News Chronology: October 1987 - June 1988 [Issue no. 2](/file_url/3335) (Autumn 1988) Includes: Guest Article by Kyle Olson: The Proposed Chemical Weapons Convention: An Industry Perspective News Chronology: June - September 1988 [Issue no. 3](/file_url/3336) (February 1989) Includes: Guest Article by John Isaacs: The Bush Administration, The Senate and the Chemical Treaty Guest Article by Peter Herby: The Paris Conference on Chemical Weapons News Chronology: September 1988 - mid-June 1989 Review: World CW Armament Part I: The USA [Issue no. 4](/file_url/3337) (May 1989) Includes: Guest Article by Ahmad Kamal: The Chemical Weapons Covnention: Some Particular Concerns of Developing Countries News Chronology: December 1988 - March 1989 Review: Soviet CW Armament [Issue no. 5](/file_url/3338) (August 1989) Includes: Guest Article by Lewis Dunn: Making Chemical Weapons Users Pay a Price News Chronology: March - June 1989 Review: World CW Armament [Issue no. 6](/file_url/3339) (November 1989) Includes: Guest Article by A J J Ooms: Verification and the Chemical Weapons Ban News Chronology: June - September 1989 Guest Article by Charles Flowerree: US Proposes Continued Binary Production? Chemical Weapons Memorandum of Understanding Review: The Canberra Conference [Issue no. 7](/file_url/3340) (February 1990) Includes: Editorial: The Two-Percent Solution Guest Article by Johan Molander: Negotiating Chemical Disarmament News Chronology September -December 1989 [Issue no. 8](/file_url/3341) (June 1990) Includes: Guest Article by Rolf Ekéus: The Option of Using Chemical Weapons News Chronology: December 1989 - May 1990 Text of US-Soviet Bilateral CW Agreement [Issue no. 9](/file_url/3342) (September 1990) Includes: Guest Article by Rüdiger Lüdeking: Verifying a Chemical Weapons Convention News Chronology: May - August 1990 The CWC Negotiations: Checklist of Contributions [Issue no. 10](/file_url/3343) (December 1990) Includes: Guest Article by Graham Cooper: Inspections on Request: Coming to Terms with their Scope Guest Article by Johan Molander: The Chemical Weapons Negotiation at a Critical Juncture News Chronology: August - November 1990 [Issue no. 11](/file_url/3344) (March 1991) Includes: Guest Article by Martin Lancaster: Chemical Proliferation and Disarmament: A Congressional Perspective News Chronology: November 1990 - March 1991 Article by Matthew Meselson: The Role of Chemical Defense [Issue no. 12](/file_url/3345) (June 1991) Includes: Editorial: Getting Challenge Right Guest Article by Graham Pearson: Strengthening the BTWC News Chronology: February - May 1991 [Issue no. 13](/file_url/3353) (September 1991) Includes: Guest Article by Paul O'Sullivan: Concluding the Chemical Weapons Convention Guest Article by Gao Fang: To Develop Suitable Chemical Defensive Technology for Developing Countries: To Facilitate Conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention News Chronology: May - August 1991 Antichemical Protection and the CWC Iraqi CBW Armament and the UNSCOM [Issue no. 14](/file_url/3354) (December 1991) Includes: Editorial: No Gas Guest Article by Nicholas Sims: Achievements and Failures at the Third Review Conference News Chronology: August-November 1991 The Declaration of Mendoza, 5 September 1991 [Issue no. 15](/file_url/3355) (March 1992) Includes: Guest Article by Will Carpenter: Completing the Chemical Weapons Convention: An Industry View Editorial: What Policy for Disabling Chemicals? News Chronology: November 1991 - February 1992 Guest Article by Ralf Trapp: Into the 'End Game' [Issue no. 16](/file_url/3356) (June 1992) Includes: Guest Article Chemical Weapons and the new Global Security Structures by Ron Ekeus News Chronology: February – May 1992 [Issue no. 17](/file_url/3357) (September 1992) Includes: Guest Article by Hassan Mashhadi: How the Negotiations Ended CD Statement by Adolf Ritter von Wagner: The Draft Chemical Weapons Convention News Chronology: May - September 1992 [Issue no. 18](/file_url/3358) (December 1992) Includes: The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention: A Summary Guest Article by Josef Holik: From Negotiation to Implementation of the CWC News Chronlogy: August-November 1992 Workshop Report: Investigating Alleged CW Use [Issue no. 19](/file_url/3359) (March 1993) Includes: Peter Herby and Julian Perry Robinson: International Organization for Chemical Disarmament Begins Guest Article by Counsellor Shahbaz of Pakistan: A Perspective on the OPCW Preparatory Commission News Chronology: November 1992 - February 1993. [Issue no. 20](/file_url/3360) (June 1993) Includes: Guest article by Graham Pearson: Chemical Weapons Convention: Validation of Accredited Laboratories and Analytical Measurements Progress in The Hague: 2nd Quarterly Review Editorial: Chemical Analysis, Assured Access and Open Publication News Chronology: February-May 1993 [Issue no. 21](/file_url/3361) (September 1993) Includes: Guest article by Robert Mathews: A Comparison of the Australia Group List of Chemical Weapon Precursors and the CWC Schedules of Chemicals Progress in The Hague: 3rd Quarterly Review Editorial: The AG and the CWC News Chronology: May-August 1993 Obituary: Charles Flowerree [Issue no. 22](/file_url/3362) (December 1993) Includes: Guest article by Abdullah Toukan: The CWC, the NPT, and the Middle East Peace Negotiations Guest article by Charles Baronian: Destruction of the US Chemical Stockpile Progress in The Hague: 4th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-November 1993 [Issue no. 23](/file_url/3363) (March 1994) Includes: Editorial: New Technologies and the Loophole in the Convention Progress in The Hague: 5th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1993-February 1994 [Issue no. 24](/file_url/3364) (June 1994) Includes: Guest article by Pierre Canonne: The Role of the Scientific Community Within the Context of the Convention Guest article by Karen Jansen: Disarming Iraq: Lessons for the Chemical Weapons Convention Progress in The Hague: 6th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February - May 1994 Guidelines on Riot control Agents [Issue no. 25](/file_url/3365) (September 1994) Includes: Guest article by Michael Moodie: Bolstering Compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention: Prospects for the Special Conference Guest article by Robert Mathews and Timothy McCormack: Entry into Force of the Chemical Weapons Convention: Activities and Prospective Timetable Historical Note: The former test and evaluation site on Pulao Tenggol Progress in The Hague: 7th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-August 1994 [Issue no. 26](/file_url/3366) (December 1994) Includes: Guest article by Jack Ooms: Asia Pacific Seminar on the National Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention Guest article by Graham Pearson: Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: The Outcome of the Special Conference Progress in The Hague: 8th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-November 1994 [Issue no. 27](/file_url/3367) (March 1995) Includes: Guest article by Serguei Batsanov: Chemical Weapons Convention En Route to Entry into Force Progress in The Hague: 9th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1994-February 1995 [Issue no. 28](/file_url/3368) (June 1995) Includes: Guest article by Ernst Wyszomirski: The CWC and Barriers to Chemical Trade Progress in The Hague: 10th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February-May 1995 [Issue no. 29](/file_url/3369) (September 1995) Includes: Guest article by Anne Harrington: Defining Chemical Weapons the Way the Treaty Does Progress in The Hague: 11th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-August 1995 [Issue no. 30](/file_url/3370) (December 1995) Includes: Editorial: Over the Impasse Guest article by Sergei Baranovsky: Green Cross Russia and the Destruction of Chemical Weapons Progress in The Hague: 12th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-November 1995 [Issue no. 31](/file_url/3371) (March 1996) Includes: Editorial: Criminalizing BW Guest article by Alexander Vorobiev: Working on the Compliance Regime for the BWC Progress in The Hague: 13th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1995-February 1996 [Issue no. 32](/file_url/3372) (June 1996) Includes: Guest article by Graham Pearson: Implementing Article X of the BTWC: Avoiding Duplication Guest article by Stephen Black: The UN Special Commission and CBW Verification Progress in The Hague: 14th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February - May 1996 [Issue no. 33](/file_url/3373) (September 1996) Includes: Editorial: From Trigger Point to Entry Into Force Historical Note no 2, by Benjamin Garrett: The Colorado Potato Beetle Goes to War Guest article by Barbara Hatch Rosenberg: Incorporation of Dual-Use Export Controls in a Compliance Regime for the Biological Weapons Convention Progress in The Hague: 15th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-August 1996 [Issue no. 34](/file_url/3374) (December 1996) Includes: Guest article by Frederick L Webber: The US Chemical Industry Stake in the Chemical Weapons Convention Guest article by Graham Pearson: Toxic Chemicals: A Multilateral Export-Import System Progress in The Hague: 16th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-November 1996 [Issue no. 35](/file_url/3375) (March 1997) Includes: Guest article by Ian Kenyon: Entry into Force: The Test of Our Preparations Progress in The Hague: 17th Quarterly Review Riot Control Agent Guidelines News Chronology: November 1996-February 1997 [Issue no. 36](/file_url/3376) (June 1997) Includes: Guest article by Heiner Staub: Implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention: First Experiences of a National Authority Progress in The Hague: 18th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February-May 1997 [Issue no. 37](/file_url/3377) (September 1997) Includes: Guest article by Tibor Tóth: A Window of Opportunity for the BWC Ad Hoc Group Guest Article by Sergei Kisselev: Russia and the Chemical Weapons Convention: What Next? Progress of the BWC Protocol Rolling Text Progress in The Hague: 19th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-August 1997 [Issue no. 38](/file_url/3378) (December 1997) Includes: Guest article by Amy Gordon: Implications of the US Resolution of Ratification Text of Russian CWC ratification law Progress in The Hague: 20th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 1st Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-November 1997 [Issue no. 39](/file_url/3379) (March 1998) Includes: Guest article by Douglas J MacEachin: Routine and Challenge: Two Pillars of Verification Guest article by Ahmad Kamal: The Chemical Weapons Convention Today Guest Article by Graham Pearson: A Lean Organization to Strengthen the Biological Weapons Convention Progress in The Hague: 21st Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 2nd Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1997-February 1998 [Issue no. 40](/file_url/3380) (June 1998) Includes: Guest article by Kathleen Lawand: The Scientific Advisory Board of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: The Role of Science in Treaty Implementation Progress in The Hague: 22nd Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 3rd Quarterly Review News Chronology: February-May 1998 [Issue no. 41](/file_url/3381) (September 1998) Includes: Invited article by Huang Yu: The CWC: Verification in Action Invited Article by Lynn Klotz and Mark Sims: The BWC: Challenge Investigation Voting Procedures Statement of the Trieste Conference on the BWC Progress in The Hague: 23rd Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 4th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-August 1998 [Issue no. 42](/file_url/3382) (December 1998) Includes: Editorial: A Draft Convention to Prohibit Biological and Chemical Weapons Under International Criminal Law Text of the HSP Draft Convention Progress in The Hague: 24th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 5th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August - November 1998 [Issue no. 43](/file_url/3383) (March 1999) Includes: Invited article by Ian Kenyon: Celebration of a Centenary and Some Birthdays Progress in The Hague: 25th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 6th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1998-February 1999 Historical Note by Benjamin Garrett: Walter Schrieber and the US Air Force [Issue no. 44](/file_url/3384) (June 1999) Includes: Invited article by Paul F Walker: Implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention: Technical and Political Challenges in the US and Russia Invited article by Daniel Feakes: The European Union's Role in CBW Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Progress in The Hague: 26th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 7th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February-May 1999 [Issue no. 45](/file_url/3385) (September 1999) Includes: Invited article by Will Carpenter: The First Year of the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Obituary: A J J Ooms Progress in The Hague: 27th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 8th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-July 1999 [Issue no. 46](/file_url/3386) (December 1999) Includes: Invited article by Tibor Tóth: Time to Wrap Up New US legislation on the BWC Progress in Geneva: 9th Quarterly Review Progress in The Hague: 28th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August-October 1999 [Issue no. 47](/file_url/3387) (March 2000) Includes: Invited article by Robert J Mathews: Approaching an "End-Game" in the Negotation of the BWC Protocol: Lessons from the Chemical Weapons Convention Progress in The Hague: 29th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 10th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 1999-January 2000 [Issue no. 48](/file_url/3388) (June 2000) Includes: Invited article by Ian Kenyon: Chemical Weapons in the Twentieth Century: Their Use and Their Control Invited article by Matthew Meselson: Averting the Hostile Exploitation of Biotechnology Invited article by Lawrence Scheinman: Regimes, Defence and Deterrence Progress in The Hague: 30th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 11th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South Africa: 1st Quarterly Review [Issue no. 49](/file_url/3389) (September 2000) Includes: Invited article by Graham Pearson: The CWC General Purpose Criterion: How to Implement? Progress in The Hague: 31st Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 12th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South Africa: 2nd Quarterly Review News Chronology: May-July 2000 [Issue no. 50](/file_url/3390) (December 2000) Includes: Editorial: The CWC and the BWC: yesterday, today, tomorrow Invited article by Tom Inch: The Chemical Weapons Convention: a viewpoint from the Chairman of the Advisory Committee to the UK National Authority Invited article by Walter Krutzsch: Article VI of the Chemical Weapons Convention: past, present and future. Progress in The Hague: 32nd Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 13th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South Africa: 3rd Quarterly Review News Chronology: August - October 2000 [Issue no. 51](/file_url/3391) (March 2001) Includes: Editorial: Washington and the BWC Protocol negotiations Invited article by Graham Pearson: Further chemical control regimes: narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Progress in The Hague: 33rd Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 15th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South Africa: 4th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 2000 - January 2001 [Issue no. 52](/file_url/3392) (June 2001) Includes: Invited article by Barbara Rosenberg: US policy and the BWC Protocol Progress in The Hague: 34th Quarterly Review Progress in Geneva: 15th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South Africa: 5th Quartlery Review News Chronology: February - April 2001 [Issue no. 53](/file_url/3393) (September 2001) Includes: Editorial: Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention Invited article by Nicholas Sims: Nurturing the BWC: agenda for the Fifth Review Conference and beyond Invited article by Graham Pearson: The US rejection of the Protocol at the eleventh hour damages international security against biological weapons Progress in The Hague: 35th Quarterly Review Report from Geneva: 16th Quarterly Review Proceedings in Sourth Africa: 6th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May - July 2001 [Issue no. 54](/file_url/3394) (December 2001) Includes: Editorial: International criminal law and sanctions to reinforce the BWC Progress in The Hague: 36th Quarterly Review Report rom Geneva: 17th Quarterly Review Proceedings in South African: 7th Quarterly Review News Chronology: August - October 2001 [Issue no. 55](/file_url/3395) (March 2002) Includes: Invited article by Julian Perry Robinson: What should be the scope of the CWC? A workshop report Progress in The Hague: 37th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 2001 - January 2002 [Issue 56](/file_url/3396) (June 2002) Includes: Invited article by Ian Kenyon: The Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW: The challenges of the 21st century Invited article by Nicholas Sims: Route-maps to the OPBW: using the resumed BWC Fifth Review Conference Progress in The Hague: 38th Quarterly Review News Chronology: February - April 2002 [Issue no. 57](/file_url/3397) (September 2002) Includes: Editorial: Preventing the hostile use of biotechnology: the way forward now Invited article by Graham S Pearson: Further chemical control regimes: anti-doping Progress in The Hague: 39th Quarterly Review News Chronology: May - July 2002 [Issue no. 58](/file_url/3398) (December 2002) Includes: Editorial: "Law Enforcement" and the CWC Invited article by Mark Wheelis and Malcolm Dando: On The Brink: Biodefence, Biotechnology and the Future of Weapons Control Progress in The Hague: 40th Quarterly Review Report from Geneva: 18th Review News Chronology: August - October 2002 [Issue no. 59](/file_url/3399) (March 2003) Includes: Invited article by Ian Kenyon: Chrysalis - how the CWC produced the OPCW: the work of the OPCW Preparatory Commission. Progress in The Hague: 41st Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 2002 - January 2003 [Issue no. 60](/file_url/3400) (June 2003) Includes: Invited article by Graham Pearson: Security and Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins Progress in The Hague: 42nd Quarterly Review News Chronology: February - April 2003 [Issue no. 61](/file_url/3401) (September 2003) Includes: Editorial: 'Non-lethal' weapons, the CWC and the BWC Progress in The Hague: 43rd Quarterly Review Report from Geneva: The Biological Weapons Convention New Process News Chronology: May - July 2003 A Tribute to David Kelly [Issue no. 62](/file_url/3402) (December 2003) Includes: Invited Article by Nicholas Sims: A proposal for putting the 26 March 2005 anniversary to best use for the BWC Progress in The Hague: 44th Quarterly Review Report from Geneva News Chronology: August - October 2003 [Issue no. 63](/file_url/3403) (March 2004) Includes: Invited Article by Lisa Tabassi: Impact of the CWC: Progressive Development of Customary International Law and Evolution of the Customary Norm Against Chemical Weapons Progress in The Hague: 45th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 2003 - January 2004 Historical Note by John Hart: Information about the CBW weapons programes of the USSR [Issue no. 64](/file_url/3404) (June 2004) Includes: Editorial: Expectation and Prevention Progress in The Hague: 46th Quarterly Review Lisa Tabassi: A Note on UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) The actions requested or recommended by the First CWC Review Conference: How far have they got one year later? News Chronology: February - April 2004 [Issue no. 65](/file_url/3405) (September 2004) Includes: Editorial: Libya and 'Dual Use' Progress in The Hague: 47th Quarterly Review Report from Geneva: The Biological Weapons Convention New Process News Chronology: May - July 2004 [Issue no. 66](/file_url/3406) (December 2004) Includes: Invited Article by Bob Mathews: The Development of the Australia Group Export Control Lists of Biological Pathogens, Toxins and Dual-Use Equipment Progress in The Hague: 48th Quarterly Review Report from Geneva: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of States Parties News Chronology: August - October 2004 Obituary - Martin Kaplan [Issue no. 67](/file_url/3407) (March 2005) Includes: Invited article by Elisa D Harris and John D Steinbruner: Scientific Openness and National Security after 9-11 Progress in The Hague: 49th Quarterly Review News Chronology: November 2004 - January 2005 [Issue no. 68](/file_url/3408) (June 2005) Includes: Invited article by Eitan Barak: Israel, the CWC and the Universality Objective: The View from Jerusalem Invited article by Walter Krutzsch: "Never Under Any Circumstances": The CWC Three Years After its First Review Conference Report from Geneva: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of Experts News Chronology: February - April 2005 [Issue no. 69 & 70](/file_url/3409) (December 2005) Includes: Invited article by John Freeman: The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Review Process: What More Can It Contribute? Comment by Santiago Oñate, Ralf Trapp and Lisa Tabassi: Decision on the Follow-up to the OPCW Action Plan on Article AII: Ensuring the Effective Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention Historical note by Erhard Geissler: Alibek, Tularaemia and the Battle of Stalingrad Report from Geneva: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of States Parties, 2005 News Chronology: May - October 2005 [Issue no. 71](/file_url/3410) (May 2006) Includes: Invited article by Reid Kirby: Paradise lost: The Psycho Agents Comment by Ian Kenyon: The Summer of '76 Report from Geneva: The Preparatory Commitee for the Sixth BWC Review Conference News Chronology: November 2005 - January 2006 [Issue no. 72 & 73](/file_url/3411) (September 2006) Includes: Invited article by Ian Kenyon: The USA/USSR Arms Control Relationship and its Impact on the CWC News Chronology: February - July 2006 [Issue no. 74](/file_url/3412) (December 2006) Includes: Invited article by Lisa Tabassi and Erwin van der Borght: Chemical Warfare as Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Sixth Review Conference News Chronology: August -October 2006 [Issue no. 75](/file_url/3413) (March 2007) Includes: Invited article by Lisa Tabassi: The Nexus Between the OPCW and the International Criminal Court Invited article by Jonathan B Tucker: Strengthening the CWC Regime for Transfers of Dual-Use Chemicals News Chronology: November 2006 - January 2007 [Issue no. 76 & 77](/file_url/3414) (October 2007) Includes: Invited article by Walter Krutzsch: Ensuring True Implementation of the CWC Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of Experts, August 2007 News Chronology: February - July 2007 [Issue no. 78](/file_url/3415) (February 2008) Includes: Invited article by Julian Perry Robinson: Is the OPCW Implementing the CWC Definition of Chemical Weapons? Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of States Parties, December 2007 News Chronology: August - October 2007 [Issue no. 79](/file_url/3416) (June 2008) Includes: Invited article by Richard Guthrie: The Second Chemical Weapons Convention Review Conference News Chronology: November 2007 - January 2008 [Issue no. 80](/file_url/3417) (September 2008) Includes: Invited article by Julian Perry Robinson: Bringing the CBW Conventions Closer Together Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of Experts, August 2008 Obituary: Ian Kenyon News Chronology: February - April 2008 [Issue no.81](/file_url/3418) (December 2008) Includes: Invited article by Detlef Maennig: The Problem of Thousands of Other Chemical Production Facilities Under the Chemical Weapons Convention: Are Some More Relevant Than Others? Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of States Parties, December 2008 News Chronology: May - July 2008 [Issue no. 82](/file_url/3419) (March 2009) Includes: Invited article by Tony Bastock: The Chemical Weapons Convention and the Role of the Chemicals Industry in its Future News Chronology: August - October 2008 [Issue no. 83 & 84](/file_url/3420) (July 2009) Includes: Invited article by Donald A Mahley: The OPCW: Reflecting on the Model Invited article by Robert Mathews: The Regime for Other Chemical Production Facilities: A Technical Perspective Invited article by John R Walker: Allegations of BW Use and their Investigation: Lessons from the Past. A Case Study from 1941 Obituary: Åke Bovallius News Chronology: November 2008 - April 2009 [Issue no. 85](/file_url/3421) (October 2009) Includes: Invited article by Donald A Mahley: Controlling the BW Genie Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of Experts August 2009 News Chronology: May - July 2009 [Issue no.86](/file_url/3422) (February 2010) Includes: Invited article by Donald A Mahley: A Personal Assessment of the BWC Protocol Negotiations Invited article by John R Walker: A Tale of Two Riot Control Agents: UK Attitudes to CS and CR in Warfare and Law Enforcement 1969-1975 Report from Geneva by Graham S Pearson: The Biological Weapons Convention Meeting of States Parties December 2009 News Chronology: August - December 2009 [Special Issue](/file_url/3423) (February 2011) On the Criminalization of Biological and Chemical Armament and the Harvard Sussex Draft Convention ### Private Circulation expand\_more ["A Proposal to Inhibit the Development of Biological Weapons", Proceedings of the Fourteenth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs, April 1965, pp 297-304.](/file_url/131) ["The U.S. and the Geneva Protocol of 1925", 1966, private circulation, 4 pp. ](/file_url/126) ["Detection of Remote Biological Weapons Field Tests", December 1966, private circulation, 12 pp.](/file_url/127) ["Four Questions Regarding U.S. CBW Policies", 1968, private circulation, 3 pp.](/file_url/128) ["The Position of Various Nations During the Interwar Period Regarding the Prohibition of the Use in War of Tear Gas Under the Geneva Protocol of 1925", May 1969, private circulation, 4 pp.](/file_url/129) ["Possible Rules Concerning the Use in War of Non-Lethal Gas", 10 May 1969, private circulation, 5 pp.](/file_url/130) ["The Status of Tear Gas and Other Sensory Irritants in Chemical Warfare", with J.P. Perry Robinson, Submission to the United Nations Expert Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons from the Pugwash Chemical and Biological Warfare Study Group, 23 May 1969, 5 pp.](/file_url/171) ["The Use of CS in Vietnam" July 1969, private circulation, 2 pp.](/file_url/132) ["The United States and the Geneva Protocol of 1925", September 1969, private circulation, 13 pp.](/file_url/3883) ["What Policy for Toxins?", January 1970, private circulation. Reprinted in Congressional Record, U.S. House of Representatives, 18 February 1970, pp 3969.](/file_url/134) ["Riot Control Agents and United States Ratification of the Geneva Protocol", 24 April 1970, private circulation, 6 pp.](/file_url/135) ["Preliminary Report--Herbicide Assessment Commission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science", with A. H. Westing, J. D. Constable and Robert E. Cook, 30 December 1970, private circulation, 8 pp. Reprinted in Congressional Record, U.S. Senate, Vol. 118-part 6, 3 March 1972, pp 6806-6807.](/file_url/136) ["Background Material Relevant to Presentations at the 1970 Annual Meeting of the AAAS", Herbicide Assessment Commission of the AAAS, with A.H. Westing and J.D. Constable, December 1970, private circulation, 48 pp. Reprinted in the Congressional Record, U.S. Senate, Vol. 118-part 6, 3 March 1972, pp 6807-6813.](/file_url/137) ["Tear Gas in War: The Historical Record of U.S. Opposition", with Christopher Leman, March 1971, private circulation, 3 pp. Reprinted in The Geneva Protocol of 1925, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, October 1972, pp 428-430. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:G28/7.](/file_url/138) ["Present Status of the Geneva Protocol", 4 August 1971, private circulation, 2 pp.](/file_url/139) ["Should the U.S. Conduct Biological Research in Secret?", 9 August 1971, private circulation, 2 pp.](/file_url/140) ["Phasing Out the Military Use of Herbicides", 1 November 1971, private circulation, 2 pp.](/file_url/141) ["Summary of ESSG Study 'Herbicides and Military Operations'", 1972, private circulation, 8 pp.](/file_url/142) ["Gas Warfare and the Geneva Protocol", with Christopher Leman, July 1972, private circulation, 6 pp.](/file_url/143) ["Memo on Chlorodioxins Present in Fish from South Vietnam", with Robert W. Baughman, 30 August 1973, private circulation, 4 pp.](/file_url/144) [Memorandum to Files Regarding Sverdlovsk, 30 April 1980, private circulation, 7 pp.](/file_url/145) ["Comments on the Defense Science Board (DSB) Chemical Warfare Panel Report", (sanitized version), 8 January 1981, private circulation, 7 pp. Reprinted in Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1983, part 7, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 1982, pp 5061-5065. SUDOC: Y4.AR5/3:D36/7/983/pt. 7.](/file_url/146) [Tabulated data on the environmental and biomedical samples from Southeast Asia and Afghanistan that have been analyzed for trichothecenes. With J. P. Perry Robinson. Presentation at the Conference on 'Yellow Rain', American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, 15-16 April 1983. Revised 2 September 1983, 13 pp.](/file_url/147) ["Yellow Rain: Findings And Assessments", with Carl Kaysen and Stuart Schwartzstein, 15-16 April 1983, Summary of Conference on 'Yellow Rain', American Academy of Arts and Sciences, private circulation, 7 pp.](/file_url/148) ["Comparison of Yellow Rain and Bee Excrement", with P. S. Ashton, J. W. Nowicke, J. P. Robinson and T. D. Seeley, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Detroit, 31 May 1983, 4 pp.](/file_url/149) ["Issues Regarding Production of New Chemical Weapons", 15 May 1985, private circulation, 8 pp.](/file_url/150) ["Incident at Ban Sa Tong", 25 April 1986, private circulation, 6pp.](/file_url/151) ["Discussions in Moscow Regarding Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak", 25 September 1986, private circulation, 7 pp.](/file_url/152) ["Israel and Poison Gas", 9 April 1989, private circulation, 1 p.](/file_url/153) [“Review of 7/31 Draft of PHR Report on investigations in Tbilisi”, 12 August 1989, 4 pp.](/file_url/154) [“Combined Arms in a Nuclear and Chemical Environment B Phase IIB”, Summary of Evaluator Ratings and Comments, 29 September 1989, 6 pp.](/file_url/155) ["Chemical Weapons and Anti-Chemical Protection", paper presented at the conference Toward a Universal Chemical Weapons Convention, Ma'in, Jordan, 7 May 1990, private circulation, 10 pp.](/file_url/156) ["Measures for Consideration at the Third Biological Weapons Review Conference", 11 March 1991, private circulation, 5 pp.](/file_url/157) [“Ground-Force Performance in Chemical Protective Posture in a Battalion-Size Field Exercise Conducted in Temperate Weather”, 30 July 1991, 5 pp.](/file_url/158) ["The Role of Chemical Defense in Chemical Warfare, Chemical Deterrence, and Chemical Disarmament", August 1991, private circulation,13 pp.](/file_url/159) ["Banning Non-Lethal Chemical Incapacitants in the Chemical Weapons Convention --- A Briefing Discussion with Dr. Matthew Meselson", The Committee for National Security, Washington, DC, 20 February, 1992, 15 pp.](/file_url/160) ["Proposed Guidelines on the Status of Riot Control Agents and Other Toxic Chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention", with Abram Chayes and R. Justin Smith, private paper, 9 June 1994, 16 pp.](/file_url/161) ["Strengthening the BWC and Criminalizing Biological Weapons Under International Law," 47th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs, Remember Your Humanity, Lillehammer, Norway, 1-7 August 1997, 17 pp.](/file_url/170) ["Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention", with Treasa Dunworth and Julian Perry Robinson, 5th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, 21-22 September 1996, pp 1-6.](/file_url/165) ["International Criminalization of Biological Weapons," Conference on the Possible Misuse of Biological Sciences, Unesco International School of Science for Peace, Villa Olmo, Como, Italy, 3-6 December 1997 pp1-5.](/file_url/166) [“Introductory Talk - Biological Weapons Problems," Proceedings of the Eleventh Amaldi Conference on Problems of Global Security, Moscow, Russia, November 18-20, 1998. ](/file_url/166) ["Airborne Dispersal of Biological Agents: Some Elementary Principles of Atmospheric Diffusion Theory," 10th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group of the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Protocol negotiation: unresolved issues, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 November 1998, 8 pp. ](/file_url/163) [“International Criminalization of Chemical and Biological Weapons,” with Julian Perry Robinson, 10th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group of the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Protocol negotiation: unresolved issues, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 November 1998, 13 pp.](/file_url/167) [“The Problem of Biological Weapons,” 11th International Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions, Implications of the CWC Implementation for the BTWC Protocol Negotiations (Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 15-16 May, 1999) 7 pp. ](/file_url/168) [“The Meaning of ‘Hostile Purposes’ in the Biological Weapons Convention,” 11th International Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions, Implications of the CWC Implementation for the BTWC Protocol Negotiations (Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 15-16 May, 1999) 2 pp.](/file_url/164) [Towards the Sixth BWC Review Conference and Beyond: Non Lethal Weapons and Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, with Julian Perry Robinson, Discussion Paper presented at the 2003 Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Intersessional Process towards the Sixth Review Conference and Beyond, Geneva, Switzerland, 8-9 November 2003. (An earlier version of this paper appeared as the editorial in The CBW Conventions Bulletin, no. 61, September 2003.)](/file_url/169) Draft Commentary to the Draft Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Developing, Producing, Acquiring, Stockpiling, Retaining, Transferring, or Using Biological or Chemical Weapons, March 2005, private circulation, 52 pp. [Memo June 18 2012 Anthrax Tin](/file_url/3843) [Anthrax Silicon Tin 2012](/file_url/3844) [Horace Judson Interview, undated.](/file_url/3242) ### US Congressional Testimony expand\_more [Statement at hearing: Chemical and Biological Warfare, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, secret hearing held 30 April 1969, sanitized and printed 23 June 1969, 50 pp. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:W23/2.](/file_url/110) ["Chemical and Biological Weapons--What should U.S. Policy Be?", statement of Matthew Meselson, Congressional Record, U.S. House of Representatives, 3 November 1969, pp 32744-32746.](/file_url/111) [Statement at hearings: Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1971, Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, part 1, U.S. Senate, 1970, pp 1143-1158. SUDOC: AP6/2:D36/4/971/pt.7.](/file_url/113) [Statement at hearings: The Geneva Protocol of 1925, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 1971, printed October 1972, pp 353-377. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:G28/7.](/file_url/112) [Statement at hearings: U.S. Chemical Warfare Policy, Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, 1974, pp 55-58. SUDOC: Y4.F76/1:W23/3](/file_url/114) [Statement at hearings: Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977, Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate 1977, pp. 271-281. SUDOC: Y4.H88:B52/3/977.](/file_url/115) [Statement at hearing: Strategic Implications of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Subcommittees on International Security and Scientific Affairs and Asian and Pacific Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, 24 April 1980, pp 26-29. SUDOC: Y4/F76/1:C42/2.](/file_url/116) [Statement at hearing: Yellow Rain, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 10 November 1981, pp 29-34. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:1/3.](/file_url/117) [Statement at hearings: Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 1983, part 7, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 1982, pp 5055-5065. SUDOC: Y4.AR5/3:D36/7/983/pt. 7.](/file_url/118) [Statement at hearings: Binary Chemical Weapons, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, 1983, pp 34-40, 54-68. SUDOC: Y4.AP6/2:B51.](/file_url/125) [Statement at hearings: Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat: the Urgent Need for Remedies, Committee on Foreign Relations, U. S. Senate, 9 May 1989, pp 128-134. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:S.hrg.101-252.](/file_url/119) [Statement at hearings: 'Germ Wars'--Biological Weapons Proliferation and the New Genetics, Committee on Governmental Affairs and Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, U.S. Senate, 17 May 1989, pp 207-211, 498-503, 523-528. SUDOC: Y4.G74/9:S.hrg.101-744.](/file_url/120) [Statement at hearings: The Biological Weapons Act of 1989, Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 237 and H.R. 4314, 1 May 1990, pp 50-64. SUDOC: Y4.J89/1:101/79.](/file_url/121) [Statement at hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Chemical Weapons Ban Negotiation Issues, United States Senate, 1 May 1992, S.Hrg. 102-719, pp 23-29 and 42-43. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2. Shrg.102-719.](/file_url/122) [Statement at hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations on the Chemical Weapons Convention, United States Senate, 9 June 1994 in S.Hrg 103-869, Chemical Weapons Convention (Treaty Doc. 103-21), pp 96-102. SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:Shrg. 103-869.](/file_url/123) [Statement at hearings: “Proposed Guidelines on the Status of Riot Control Agents and Other Toxic Chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention”, with Abram Chayes and R. Justin Smith, subsequently published in S.Hrg 104-668, Convention on Chemical Weapons (Treaty Doc. 103-21), Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 13, 21 and 28 March 1996, pp 178-85. SUDOC: Y4. F76/2:S.hrg.104-668.](/file_url/124) ### Pugwash Papers expand\_more ["A Proposal to Inhibit the Development of Biological Weapons", Proceedings of the Fourteenth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs, April 1965, pp 297-304.](/file_url/131) ["The Status of Tear Gas and Other Sensory Irritants in Chemical Warfare", with J.P. Perry Robinson, Submission to the United Nations Expert Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons from the Pugwash Chemical and Biological Warfare Study Group, 23 May 1969, 5 pp.](/file_url/126) ["Verification of Biological and Toxin Weapons Disarmament", with Martin Kaplan and Mark A. Mokulsky, in Verification - Monitoring Disarmament, Pugwash Study on Verification Issues, eds. F. Calogero, M. Goldberger and S. Kapitza, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1990, pp 149-164](/file_url/634). ["Strengthening the BWC and Criminalizing Biological Weapons Under International Law," 47th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs, Remember Your Humanity, Lillehammer, Norway, 1-7 August 1997, 17 pp.](/file_url/170) ["Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention", with Treasa Dunworth and Julian Perry Robinson, 5th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, 21-22 September 1996, pp 1-6.](/file_url/165) ["Airborne Dispersal of Biological Agents: Some Elementary Principles of Atmospheric Diffusion Theory," 10th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group of the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Protocol negotiation: unresolved issues, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 November 1998, 8 pp. ](/file_url/166) [“International Criminalization of Chemical and Biological Weapons,” with Julian Perry Robinson, 10th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group of the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Protocol negotiation: unresolved issues, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 November 1998, 13 pp.](/file_url/167) [“Contribution of the Pugwash movement to the international regime against chemical and biological weapons” with Julian Perry Robinson, 10th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, The BWC Protocol Negotiation: Unresolved Issues, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 November 1998](/file_url/3482) [“The Problem of Biological Weapons,” 11th International Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions, Implications of the CWC Implementation for the BTWC Protocol Negotiations (Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 15-16 May, 1999) 7 pp.](/file_url/168) [“The Meaning of ‘Hostile Purposes’ in the Biological Weapons Convention,” 11th International Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Implementation of the CBW Conventions, Implications of the CWC Implementation for the BTWC Protocol Negotiations (Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 15-16 May, 1999) 2 pp.](/file_url/164) [“The Problem of Biological Weapons”](/file_url/3450) (Misuse of Science), in Eliminating the Causes of War, ed. J. Boutwell, Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Occasional Paper, Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2001, pp 147-156. [Towards the Sixth BWC Review Conference and Beyond: Non Lethal Weapons and Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, with Julian Perry Robinson, Discussion Paper presented at the 2003 Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: The BWC Intersessional Process towards the Sixth Review Conference and Beyond, Geneva, Switzerland, 8-9 November 2003. (An earlier version of this paper appeared as the editorial in The CBW Conventions Bulletin, no. 61, September 2003.)](/file_url/169)